When the First World War erupted in 1914, Canada answered the call without hesitation. But among those who stepped forward were men who, under Canadian law, were not even recognized as citizens.
In this episode of Memory and Valour, we uncover the powerful and often overlooked story of Indigenous men who volunteered to serve in the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Drawn from communities across the country—from the plains of Alberta to the forests of Ontario—these soldiers fought in some of the war’s most brutal battles, including Ypres, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele.
They served as snipers, scouts, and front-line infantry. Many displayed extraordinary skill and courage under fire. Many never returned home.
And yet, their service existed within a profound contradiction.
At the time, Indigenous peoples in Canada lived under the restrictions of the Indian Act—denied the right to vote, limited in their freedom of movement, and treated as wards of the state. Despite this, thousands chose to enlist.
This episode does not simplify their reasons. Instead, it confronts the complexity—honouring their courage while examining the injustice that framed their service.
Because this isn’t just a story of war.
It’s a story of loyalty, identity, sacrifice—and a country still learning how to remember.
**This episode includes audio excerpts from Forgotten Warriors (1997), a documentary produced by the National Film Board of Canada. All rights reserved by the NFB. Used for educational and historical commentary purposes.
We gratefully acknowledge the NFB for preserving and sharing these important historical voices.**
